Abstract
Introduction: Balance or postural control is the ability to maintain the center of gravity of the body within the base of support. Falling is one of the most common problems influencing both physical health and quality of life of people with Intellectual Disability (ID). The purpose of this research was to evaluate balance scores and Fear of Falling (FoF) in ID. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, including 54 ID subjects. Subjects were aged between 16 and 30 years. The experimental group included 34 ID subjects while the control group included 20 individuals with Down Syndrome (DS). Balance scores and FoF were assessed using the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) and Falls Efficacy Scale – International (FES-I) questionnaire. Unpaired ‘t’ test was used to compare ID and DS groups. Results: According to the findings of this research referring to the total Balance Evaluation Systems Test and section Balance Evaluation Systems Test scores, FoF was found to be statistically and significantly different in DS compared to ID. Balance Evaluation Systems Test scores significantly correlated with FES-I scores. Conclusion: It appears that due to the lowest section scores related to mechanical constraints, sensory orientation and stability in gait, measures to improve these sections are highly needed in Intellectual Disability.

Abstract
Background: The effects of a social skills training on the social development of children with mild and moderate Intellectual Disabilities (ID) at an Indian state (Jammu) J&K was studied. Procedure:, Seventy children with mild and moderate ID fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into control and experimental groups, thus forming four non-equivalent groups. A non-randomized, pre-test/post-test control group design was applied. Vineland Social Maturity Scale was administered as a pre-test. Intervention in social skills training included eight social skills, each skill being taught for three weeks in 60-minute daily sessions. After twenty-four weeks, all the skills were practiced for additional eight weeks (total 32 weeks). Post-tests were administered to all groups by researchers at the completion of the intervention. Results: ANCOVA analysis indicated that adjusted F(1, 31) = 238.012, P = .000 in children with mild Intellectual Disabilities, and F(1, 33) = 44.014, P = .000 in children with moderate Intellectual Disabilities were significant at .01 level. The effect size of the social skills training intervention turned out to be large in children with mild Intellectual Disabilities, and moderate in children with moderate Intellectual Disabilities. Therefore, we assumed that social skills training adopting different teaching strategies from Applied Behavior Analysis is a practical, feasible and effective intervention tool for improving social development among children with mild and moderate Intellectual Disabilities in special school settings.

Abstract
Several studies have developed and validated measures for early detection of signs of risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders in toddlers. This protocol systematically reviews aims and methods to evaluate validity and psychometric properties of these measures. Method: The systematic review will be drawn up according to the PRISMA guidelines and the eligible papers will be evaluated using the COSMIN checklist. The search strategy will be applied to six electronic databases following pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discussion: Evidence from the review would inform on the state-of-the-art measures, limits, and future development. The findings will have practical implications for health care providers, families, policy and public health.

Abstract
The Neo-Functionalism theory in psychology asserts the complex and integrated psycho-bodied functioning of human being. During child development, a congruent embodiment of the human functioning will be achieved living the “Basic Experiences of Self” (BEsS). The BEsS are organized in a typical “Configuration of Functions”, and the Functions are measurable variables across a gamma of values between their polarities. An evaluation form, the Basic Experience of Self Evaluation Form (BAF), was constructed to assess three BEsS (Vitality, Contact, Letting Go). The BAF reports thirty Functions to be quoted across the gamma polarity with points from 7 to 1, according the Osgood’s Semantic Differential Scale. Data were collected examining twenty-four videos of newborns and infants up to 3 years of age, recorded in their spontaneous activity. A number of 840 evaluation forms were admitted to the study. Significant differences were found in ANOVA among almost all the Functions of the three BEsS, according to the Neo-Functionalism’s Theory on the specific BES’s configuration of Functions. A good scale’s internal consistency and reliability was confirmed by the Cronbach’s Alpha Index. This study is the first step to construct a specific psychometric assessment scale to be used in research and in clinics settings.

Abstract
Increasing the public’s awareness of disabilities is arguably one of the most important steps in removing social and environmental barriers facing individuals with disabilities. Increased awareness also encourages disabled persons to be more socially, physically, and spiritually active. However, most research in this area focuses on improving knowledge about disabilities, attitudes towards disabled individuals, and the acceptance of disabled individuals by their peers in the classroom. The advent of social media promises new opportunities to educate more people. The objective of this article is to provide an initial assessment of Twitter, a social media platform used by the Indonesian government to promote disability awareness. The sample includes 45 official accounts, and the posts were coded into 15 categories and 5 media types. Moreover, metrics of engagement for each category were also computed. The results show that infographics and videos were the media types that were used most frequently. The government posted frequently about new regulations, but the content did not receive a high level of engagement. The study also found significant differences between levels of engagement with posts in each content and media category. This study aims to help practitioners and academics to facilitate effective promotion of disability awareness via social media.

Abstract
Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a developmental disorder, predominantly affecting girls, which causes Intellectual Disability and neuro-behavioral disability. Individuals with RTT present with apraxia and movement disorders and most of them are unable to speak, walk and use their hands. For these reasons, eye tracker technology is being increasingly used to their assess cognitive processes. The aim of this study was to investigate three cognitive processes in girls with RTT compared with typical developing girls (TD): the ability to attend to visual stimuli, the ability to identify the same stimuli and the ability to identify the similar stimuli. With the help of Eye Tracker technology, three tasks were administered (1. Attention; 2. Identification of the same stimuli; 3. Identification of the similar stimuli) to 21 girls with RTT, compared with TD girls. Results show that girls with RTT performed worse than girls with TD in all conditions. The absence of significant interactions between group and type of task and between groups and contents indicates that the attention behavior in girls with RTT can reflect a general delay in cognitive maturation.

Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU), dissociative experiences and some characteristics of personality. The sample consisted of 400 Italian college students aged between 20 and 24 (M = 21.59, SD = 1.43). The materials included: a questionnaire on the use of smartphones, the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), and the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Results showed that the college students in our sample used their smartphones mainly for messaging (50%), calling (42.5%), accessing the internet (38%), connecting via social networks (33.5%), taking photos (26.5%), gaming (8.5%) and using applications (.5%). According to the results of the SAS-SV, 70% of our sample showed PSU, without gender differences. Regarding the correlation with personality factors, intensive use of smartphones corresponds to lower emotional stability and the extraversion or 'energy' factor is predictive near the significance cut-off (p = .06), while among the dissociative experiences, passive influence and dissociative amnesia are the best predictors of smartphone addiction. The other variables are less significant (p = .07). The results underline the importance of detecting the PSU predictors in college students, in order to prevent psychopathological consequences.