Abstract
Having a child with special needs comes with many challenges. To cope with these difficulties, it is necessary to determine the level of compassion and love of parents with children with special needs and provide support to these parents. This study aimed to determine the levels of care burden, compassion, and compassionate love of parents with and without children with special needs. The study was conducted in a case-control design between December 2022 and April 2023. The sample included 48 parents in the group of parents with children with special needs (experimental or case group) and 55 parents in the group of parents with healthy children (control group). Parents’ inclusion criteria were: agreement to participate in the research, no known health problems and ability to speak Turkish. Data was collected using the Personal Information Form, the Burden Interview (BI), the Compassion Scale (CS), and the Compassionate Love Scale (CLS). The study findings indicate that the participants’ level of education, economic status, and age were associated with having a child with special needs. The educational and economic status of the parents in the case group was significantly lower (p < .05), and their care burden was significantly higher (p < .05). The levels of compassionate love (111.96 ± 16.13) and compassion (80.21 ± 7.67) of the case group were lower than those of the control group, but the difference was not significant. The process of caring for children with special needs is a long and arduous process that involves a larger workforce, high costs, and love and compassion from parents. To reduce the care burden of parents with children with special needs, these parents should be supported. Based on the concept that compassion and levels of compassionate love increase resilience, it is recommended that compassion awareness training be provided to this special group.

Abstract
Vaccines are cost-effective tools for preventing serious diseases, but vaccinating children remains a problem in many countries. Since no review has analyzed parents’ decision to vaccinate their children from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the current review aims to fill this gap. The current scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extended for Scoping Review Statement (PRISMA-ScR). The scientific literature was analyzed and 258 records were identified. After removing duplicates and screening abstracts and full-text, 18 eligible records were identified. The studies gathered information on vaccines against COVID-19, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), whooping cough, influenza, and other vaccines. Overall, the studies employed 20355 participants, mostly women, aged 30 to 39 years old, from medium to high socioeconomic backgrounds. Attitude towards vaccination was the best predictor of parents’ intention to vaccinate their children, followed by subjective norms, while mixed results emerged on perceived behavioral control. Among other variables related to parent’s intention to vaccinate their children, obtaining information from the physician appeared to have the greatest influence. Parents’ attitude and subjective norms could be strengthened through small-scale campaigns in which physicians recommend the vaccine, reassuring parents of its safety and resolving all their doubts.

Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of two different Augmentative Alternative Communication (AAC) tools, the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) and a Speech-Generating Device (SGD), as communication aids for children with autism. The participants were three children with severe autism who were minimally verbal or had no functional language. The results indicate that both AAC intervention strategies led to an increase in communicative behavior, with a slightly shorter acquisition time observed for the SGD training. Furthermore, two out of three participants showed a preference for the SGD. Moreover, we observed a reduction in problem behaviors and an improvement in vocal production in one of the participants. These findings suggest that both PECS and SGD are equally suitable for developing initial request skills and can also encourage speech production in students with specific prerequisites. Overall, the study highlights the potential benefits of both PECS and SGD in facilitating communication for children with autism.

Abstract
Background: There is a clear paucity of literature regarding the conceptual frameworks for self-advocacy by people with Intellectual Disability (ID). The aim of this scoping review was to identify and explore the existing conceptual frameworks that support self-advocacy by people with ID and to identify key concepts relevant to enhancing direct political participation by people with ID. Methods: Strict eligibility criteria as well as the guidelines relative to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) were followed. Results: There were 168 eligible articles but only 20 were included in the final analysis. The studies included addressed the conceptual/theoretical frameworks for self-advocacy by people with disabilities (including ID and other developmental disabilities), which had been published between 2000 and 2020. Three conceptual frameworks for self-advocacy were identified and the following four main themes were identified: (a) essence of self-advocacy, (b) conceptual/theoretical frameworks, (c) inclusive citizenship through self-advocacy, and (d) self-advocacy experiences. Conclusions: This scoping review sheds light on the limited literature on conceptual frameworks for self-advocacy by people with Intellectual Disability. The findings highlight the need for specific conceptual frameworks to support people with ID in advocating for their rights, particularly in the South African context, ultimately seeking more inclusive and equitable political participation.

Abstract
Non-compliance includes various behaviors and attitudes, ranging from total refusal of drug therapy to incorrect use or premature discontinuation, with a potential impact on the severity of symptoms. In the psychiatric setting, patients' reluctance to adhere to medications may result from a lack of insight, fostering unfavorable opinions about pharmacotherapy. This study explores the connections between antidepressant medication adherence, insight, and attitudes towards medications. The participant pool included both inpatients and outpatients, including individuals with established psychiatric diagnoses and excluding those with intellectual disabilities, major neurocognitive disorders, or acute psychotic relapses. Adherence was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) item of the Brief Adherence Rating Scale (BARS), attitude towards drugs was measured with the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI), and insight with the Insight Orientation Scale (IOS). The analysis revealed a significant direct correlation between adherence and attitude towards the drug (ρ = .76; p < .001). Adherence showed a significant direct correlation with both DAI subscales, assessing subjective responses to antipsychotics (ρ = .65; p < .001) and subjective attitude towards treatment (ρ = .72; p < .001). Although the IOS scale did not have a significant correlation with the BARS total score and DAI global score, it did show a significant correlation with the DAI factor II (ρ = .35; p < .01). These findings highlight the central role of patients' attitude towards medications in influencing medication adherence.